Enfrentamiento terapéutico del paciente adulto hipertenso en Atención Primaria de Salud: una propuesta a considerar / Therapeutic coping of hypertensive adult patients in Primary Health Care: a proposal to consider

Arterial Hypertension (HT) is one of the most widely spread chronic diseases in the world, with a suspicion in the Chilean population of 27.6%, according to the results of the 2017 National Health Survey. Reponsible for high morbidity and mortality, being, in Chile, the main risk factor related to years of life lost due to disability and premature death (DALYs). This fact has motivaded a constant publication of clinical practices guidelines and recomendations from many scientific societies in whole wide world. Hypertension represents a significant proportion of medical consultations for the primary care doctors. In fact, may be a huge challenge to get acceptable percentages of compensation in blood pressure, and mainly, to reduce morbidity and mortality in their patients. Because of this, we propose a set of questions and answers to guide the management of hypertension un primary care, based on the recommendation of the main guidelines of clinical practice.

Displasias esqueléticas: Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Skeletal dysplasias: Report of a case and review of the literature

RESUMEN Las displasias esqueléticas son un grupo heterogéneo de condiciones que afectan primariamente la formación y crecimiento de huesos y cartílagos, se caracterizan por un acortamiento generalizado de huesos largos. Son patologías de baja prevalencia, que se pueden diagnosticar con precisión mediante ultrasonografía del primer y segundo trimestre. La importancia de esta patología radica en que posee una letalidad cercana al 50%. La displasia esqueletica letal más frecuente es la displasia tanatofórica, la cual se caracteriza por macrocefalia con base de cráneo estrecha, tórax estrecho, cuerpos vertebrales planos, micromelia generalizada, ausencia de fracturas, ventriculomegalia, polihidroamnios y mineralización ósea normal. Debido a que la presentación de la displasia tanatoforica se debe a una mutación autosómica dominante de novo no germinal, el riesgo de recurrencia no es mayor que el de la población general. Dado su elevada letalidad no pasa a generaciones futuras.

SUMMARY Skeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of conditions that primarily affect the formation and growth of bones and cartilage, characterized by a generalized shortening of long bones. These are pathologies of low prevalence, which can be accurately diagnosed by first and second trimester ultrasonography. The importance of this pathology lies in that it has a lethality close to 50%. The most common lethal skeletal dysplasia is tanophilic dysplasia, which is characterized by macrocephaly with a narrow cranial base, narrow chest, flat vertebral bodies, generalized micromelia, absence of fractures, ventriculomegaly, polyhydroamnios and normal bone mineralization. Because the presentation of the tanophoretic dysplasia is due to an autosomal dominant mutation of novo non-germinal, the risk of recurrence is not greater than that of the general population. Given its high lethality does not happen to future generations.